One mole of hydroxocobalamin binds 1 mole of CN. The cobalt ion in hydroxocobalamin combines with cyanide to form the nontoxic cyanocobalamin. Product label: CYANOKIT (hydroxocobalamin) injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Last revised: April 2011 Each hydroxocobalamin molecule can bind one cyanide ion by substituting it for the hydroxo ligand linked to the trivalent cobalt ion, to form cyanocobalamin, which is then excreted in the urine. The action of Cyanokit in the treatment of cyanide poisoning is based on its ability to bind cyanide ions. Signs and symptoms of acute systemic cyanide poisoning may develop rapidly within minutes, depending on the route and extent of cyanide exposure. In massive acute cyanide poisoning, the mechanism of toxicity may involve other enzyme systems as well. Inhibition of cytochrome a3 prevents the cell from using oxygen and forces anaerobic metabolism, resulting in lactate production, cellular hypoxia and metabolic acidosis. Specifically, cyanide binds rapidly with cytochrome a3, a component of the cytochrome c oxidase complex in mitochondria. In the absence of rapid and adequate treatment, exposure to a high dose of cyanide can result in death within minutes due to the inhibition of cytochrome oxidase resulting in arrest of cellular respiration. Hydroxocobalamin Mechanism of actionĬyanide is an extremely toxic poison. Evidence-based medicine for Chemical Defense - including efficacy and safety A. Hydroxocobalamin is indicated as an antidote in patients with known or suspected cyanide poisoning. Chemical Defense therapeutic area(s) - including key possible uses Name of Chemical Defense therapeutic agent/device Nevaeh Hamner, Buckhannon Upshur Middle Schoolįor more poison contest winners, view our WV Poison Center Poster Contest.1. West Virginia Poison Center Middle School Poster Contest Winner: Transport to the nearest medical facility and call the West Virginia Poison Center at 1-80.Immobilize the bitten area, limit use, and remove any restricting items.If bitten by a snake, DO NOT try home remedies, such as ice, tourniquet, or the cut and suck method. Remove hiding places, such as wood piles, where pets regularly visit.Keep pets on a leash while hiking or in the woods.Avoid letting pets roam around high grass, rocks, and wood piles.To prevent snake bites, pet owners should: If a snake appears dead, do not pick it up as snakes can still bite by reflex. Do not approach or kill snakes unnecessarily.If picking up brush, logs, or debris, wear leather gloves. If you are expecting to be in areas where snakes may be, wear long pants and sturdy, close-toed shoes.Use a flashlight when walking outside at night.Consider using a stick to rustle grass and plants along the trail. Keep areas around your home clean and free of wood piles, high grass, and underbrush.Be sure to look before reaching or sitting on rock ledges or logs where snakes could be hiding. Timber rattlesnakes prefer rocky, mountainous areas.Be especially careful when walking in high grass and underbrush, especially near the banks of ponds, creeks, and rivers. Northern copperheads like wooded areas, especially near water. ![]() These snakes are more active when the temperatures increase. ![]() West Virginia has two kinds of venomous snakes: the Timber Rattlesnake and the Northern Copperhead. ![]() With warmer weather, more people are out enjoying nature and there is an increase of snakes being spotted in the Mountain State.
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